Expert Interview with Alison Green About Hiring and Interviewing

Master Interview with Alison Green About Hiring and Interviewing After a head of staff position at a fruitful association, Alison Green set out all alone and turned into a specialist. Her involvement in all that HR involves, including recruiting, terminating, overseeing and advancing, gave her the ability to be a fruitful specialist and master in her field. Alison, maker of Ask a Manager, set aside some effort to converse with us about employing, using an introductory letter and other meeting/recruiting tips. What is the most widely recognized mix-up you see work candidates make?Can I give you two?The initial one is wasting the open door that an introductory letter can give you. Too many employment searchers utilize their introductory letter to just sum up their resume. In any case, with such constrained beginning get in touch with, you do yourself a gigantic injury on the off chance that you utilize an entire page of your application to only recurrent the substance of different pages. An introductory letter is your chance to put forth a convincin g defense for yourself as an applicant, absolutely beside what’s in your resume. You’re doing yourself an immense damage on the off chance that you don’t use it to add something new to your application †data that doesn’t have a place on your resume like individual attributes, work propensities and why you’re intrigued by the job.The second misstep that activity searchers make constantly is neglecting to assess potential businesses the same amount of as they’re assessing you. In the uneasiness of a meeting, it very well may be anything but difficult to concentrate just on whether you’re dazzling your questioner, yet it’s critical to recall that you ought to consider whether you even need the activity. The meeting procedure isn’t single direction; you should utilize an opportunity to consider about whether you’re the privilege qualified for the work, the chief and the working environment culture. Else, you can wind up in an occupation where you don’t exceed expectations or aren’t happy.How confident should a candidate be after an interview?You ought to unquestionably send a thank-you to repeat your enthusiasm for the position and ideally expand on the discussion that you had in the meeting, yet past that, the ball is in the employer’s court.It’s a smart thought to solicit toward the end from the meeting when you can hope to hear back about following stages. On the off chance that you do that and that time passes, at that point you have the ideal reason to amenably development. Essentially drop them a snappy email, clarify that you’re still extremely intrigued yet comprehend that employing can require some investment, and inquire as to whether they have a refreshed course of events. In any case, that’s actually the main follow-up you ought to do. From that point forward, it’s truly dependent upon them to hit you up. On the off chance that th ey don’t, proceed onward with different managers; don’t continue checking in with them †that will normally simply be irritating and won’t get you a choice any faster.Once an offer is out there, how much exchange should take place?It relies upon the offer! On the off chance that you prior gave the business the compensation extend you’re searching for and they offer you something at the high finish of your range †or considerably higher than your range †requesting more would make you appear as though you were messing around or not working in accordance with some basic honesty. Yet, outside of circumstances like that, it for the most part bodes well to arrange, as long as you handle the conversation in a lovely, proficient and non-antagonistic way, and as long as you’re not requesting something uncontrollably outside the market go for the position.Of course, that implies that you should be arranged and do some examination in advance with the goal that you realize what the market rate is. Don’t attempt to take a blind leap of faith, or you can accidentally request excessively or too little.What do you consider work hopping?If you have an example of occupation jumping †which in many fields implies an example of numerous stays of two years or less †that’s a major worry for most bosses. Most recruiting administrators will disclose to you that the best indicator of how somebody will carry on later on is the way they’ve carried on in the past †their reputation. So on the off chance that somebody has an example of leaving employments generally rapidly, a questioner will accept there’s a decent possibility they won’t remain long in another position either. Since managers are for the most part trusting that anybody they recruit will remain for at any rate a couple of years, a resume that shows little history of this is a warning. Questioners will expect you won’t rema in long with them either, and they’ll wonder why you’re unfit or reluctant to remain in one spot for an increasingly ordinary measure of time.(The special case to this is employments that were structured from the earliest starting point to be present moment, similar to entry level positions, temp work or agreement occupations. All things considered, you’d simply need to be certain that your resume clarifies that these positions were intended to be present moment from the beginning, by noticing â€Å"contract job† or something comparable close to it.)How do you handle it when you’re talking and you simply realize somebody isn't directly for the job?If I’m sure that it’s not the correct match and it’s an effectively articulable explanation, I’ll attempt to share it on the spot on the off chance that I can †for example, clarifying that we’re searching for somebody with to a greater extent a foundation in X. In a ny case, a great deal of the time it’s not as simple to catch in a solitary sentence or would prompt an ungainly discussion (for example, if the applicant appears they wouldn’t cooperate with other people or just isn’t adequately amazing, I’m obviously not going to report that to somebody). In those cases, you despite everything need the contender to leave with constructive sentiments and to feel like they got a reasonable shot †so you keep on being warm and open and to give them a reasonable shot, in spite of the fact that you may wrap up the meeting somewhat quicker than you would with a competitor who appeared to be very promising.How have organizations, positions and professional stability changed all through ongoing years?Competition for occupations is more noteworthy, for two reasons: First, the economy implies that there are a greater number of individuals scanning for employments than there are employment opportunities. Second, the simplicity of going after positions online implies that businesses are overflowed with many applications for each initial they post. For the activity searcher, that implies that where in the past you may have been facing two or three dozen different competitors, today you’re as a rule going up against a few hundred others. That implies that businesses can be much pickier about who they recruit. Since bosses have such huge numbers of qualified contender to browse, just gathering the activity capabilities isn’t almost enough nowadays. That additionally implies that it’s harder for less totally qualified possibility to extend up to work that in earlier years they may have had the option to get more easily.What enlivened you to make Ask a Manager?At the time, I was the head of staff for an association where I continued seeing proof that activity searchers and representatives would profit such a great amount from getting a greater amount of a comprehension of how chiefs think. And keeping in mind that there were a great deal of vocation writes out there, I didn’t see anybody offering guidance from the viewpoint of a director †a source that would disclose to individuals, â€Å"Okay, here’s what your administrator (or questioner) is thinking when you state X,† or, â€Å"Here’s what your supervisor implies when she says Y to you.† I felt like that could be extremely useful to individuals †some place they could proceed to make sense of how their chief may be thinking.Of course, when I began the blog in 2007, I didn’t figure it would get a lot of intrigue. I figured I’d compose it for a couple of months and get it out of my framework. After seven years, I’ve addressed in excess of 6,000 peruser inquiries at the site it’s as yet going solid †which has been truly gratifying.What’s your preferred part about composing Ask a Manager?My mail is loaded with letters from individuals who reveal to me that the site helped them show signs of improvement work, or arrange a more significant pay, or leave a poisonous chief, or become a superior supervisor, or even simply have the option to go on interviews without tension †and that’s an astounding inclination. I’ll never become weary of those letters.

Comparing the Minority Experience in Baby of the Family, and House on M

Ladies Minority Experience in Baby of the Family, and House on Mango Streetâ â Â The two books Baby of the Family, and House on Mango Street uncover the minority experience through the point of view of a youngster, battling to discover a personality in their own novel perspectives on the way of life they are experiencing childhood in. The life of Lena's family, one of a high society African American family in the southern piece of the United States, advances to the perfect of the New American as her family mixes the prevailing society with their minority foundation in their regular day to day existence encounters. Esperanza is a Hispanic youth, experiencing childhood in a barrio, where there isn't a lot to offer the Hispanic local people. She at last feels the profile the of the New American in her perspective on achieving a superior life, and getting away from the stifling prescence of the barrio, while as yet recalling her ethnic roots. Both these characters apply to the order of the Double Minority in the conspicuous part of being females, and obviously their relationship of being in a minority culture. In Baby of the Family, writer Tina Ansa opens the peruser to the point of view of a youngster living in a predominant culture situated family, that is attempting to lock on to some significant customary parts of their minority foundation. Esperanza in House on Mango Street battles to discover her personality in a general public victimizing her as a minority, however her sexes prevents her headway moreover. The creators of these two minority books corelate these beliefs and investigate the hardships these two character face as attempting to turn into the New American while being arranged eventually as Double Minorities. A couple of the normal apects shared by the two books incorporate the normal... ...alls these youngsters experience. These two youngsters take the perfect of the New American and uncover it as they discover approaches to live in a world in which they walk an almost negligible difference between the two conflicting societies. The Twofold Minority pretends a significant and endeavor to conquer the hindrances in their own societies. The way of life eventually take on another definition as time advances, in light of the fact that there is really not a positive qualification any longer. Works Cited Ansa, Tina McElroy. Child of the Family. Harcourt Press; San Diego, 1989. Blicksilver, Edith. The Ethnic American Woman. Kenall/Hunt Publishing; Iowa, 1978. Cecil, Andrew R. The Meaning of the Family in Society. College of Texas; Dallas, 1991. Cisneros, Sandra. The House on Mango Street. Vintage Contemporaries; New York, 1991. Murray, Alma. Dark Perspectives. Educational Books; New York, 1971. Â

5 Tips to Help You Ask Family and Friends for Financial Help

5 Tips to Help You Ask Family and Friends for Financial Help 5 Tips to Help You Ask Family and Friends for Financial Help 5 Tips to Help You Ask Family and Friends for Financial HelpAsking for financial assistance from friends and family might be uncomfortable, but its a much better option than turning to a short-term no credit check loan.Most people hate asking for help and wait until they are desperate to make any direct requests for financial assistance. That’s how they end up relying on short-term bad no credit check loans that can drive them into a dangerous cycle of debt.While you don’t want to make a habit of it, asking friends and family for money during a one-off time of financial need is far preferable to the high-cost alternative.In this article, we’ll lay out some of the dangers of relying on short-term bad credit loans and also offer tips for borrowing money from friends and familyâ€"plus some longer term advice to make sure this one-off instance stays a one-off.Avoid payday loans.If you’ve ever wanted to avoid admitting your financial situation to friends and family, you’ve proba bly been tempted to borrow money from a payday lender instead.Payday loans are advertised as providing fast cash for people with bad credit, but it’s easy to rack up debt once you’ve taken out one of these risky loans.The average APR on payday cash advances is almost 400 percent, according to the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. And most loans get rolled over or renewed because borrowers are rarely able to pay them back in the time allotted.Asking for help is common.While it may be difficult to ask family and friends for help, you should always consider this option before taking out a payday loan. Friends and family aren’t likely to charge you interest or fees, and they won’t demand repayment within two weeks.With their support, you can pay them back over time, while keeping up with your everyday expenses. Payday loans, on the other hand, can devastate your financial future, eating up more of your income than you can afford.Asking for help is a more common financial str ategy than you might think; more than one-quarter of survey respondents said they offered financial assistance to support the everyday expenses of a person outside their immediate household, according to research from Pew Charitable Trusts. And less than half of higher-income households viewed their financial gift as a burden.If your request is respectful and you demonstrate a repayment plan, you may find that your friend or family member will be happy to helpespecially if your only alternative is a short-term online loan or a trip to your local payday lender.1. Determine your needs. To avoid asking for more or less than you need, write out the exact amount you need and what you need it for.If you can trim your budget or put any of your income towards your own cause, show how you plan to do that, and determine the amount of assistance you’ll be asking for.2. Explain your efforts so far. If you’ve made unsuccessful attempts to help yourself already, explain what you’ve tried, a nd your friends and family will be more likely to assist you.For example, you might explain that you’ve tried to get a second job, asked for a personal loan from a bank, or applied for government assistance.3. Develop a repayment plan. You’re going to feel better about asking for help if you’re not asking for a handout.Develop a repayment plan to illustrate your intent to borrow the money for a specific period of time. Be realistic about how long you’ll need. You can even write out a written loan agreement to make certain that both parties are on the same page.Prepare a budget for your expenses and subtract that amount from your income to get a reasonable monthly payment. Even if it just ends up being a few dollars each month, you’ll know you’re on your way to financial independence.4. Give help in return. While you’re asking for financial assistance, consider offering your free time to help friends and family.If you can’t find a second job to cover your financial ne ed but you have a few hours on the weekend, offer to babysit, clean, cook, or mow the lawn for the person helping you pay your bills.You’ll feel better accepting their help if you can offer something in return.5. Be respectful. Give your friends and family time to consider your request, and leave them with notes about your current needs and your future plans to gain financial independence.Follow up the discussion with a friendly visit that’s not about finances. If you do receive help, find a way to show your gratitude.Finally, make sure to check in frequently to let them know you haven’t forgotten their gift, and you’re on your way to paying it back.Build an emergency fund.While taking out an installment loan or borrowing money from friends and family are both preferable to borrowing a payday or title loan, your best strategy is to have money saved up for unforeseen expenses. In short, your best bet is to have an emergency fund.Unlike long-term savings for retirement, an eme rgency fund should be easily accessible. This means keeping it in cash or in a savings account. When an emergency strikes, you want this money at your fingertips.Ideally, an emergency fund should cover at least three months of living expenses to protect against an unforeseen job loss. But thats a big ask, and aiming for three months right off the bat could be too imposing.Instead, aim for an easily achievable number  like $1,000. The sooner you start saving the sooner you’ll get there. Once you make saving money a top financial priority, you’ll be surprised how quickly your savings will grow.To learn more about how you can build your savings, check out  these other posts and articles from OppLoans:Building Your Financial Life: Budgeting for BeginnersSave More Money with These 40 Expert Tips10 Good Money Habits to Make Your Friends JealousHow to Separate Your “Wants” from Your “Needs”Do you have a personal finance question youd like us to answer? Let us know! You can find us  on  Facebook  and  Twitter.  |Instagram

Boyles Law Worked Sample Chemistry Problem

If you trap a sample of air and measure its volume at different pressures (constant temperature), then you can determine a relation between volume and pressure. If you do this experiment, you will find that as the pressure of a gas sample increases, its volume decreases. In other words, the volume of a gas sample at constant temperature is inversely proportional to its pressure. The product of the pressure multiplied by the volume is a constant: PV k or V k/P or P k/V where P is pressure, V is volume, k is a constant, and the temperature and quantity of gas are held constant. This relationship is called Boyles Law, after Robert Boyle, who discovered it in 1660. Key Takeaways: Boyle's Law Chemistry Problems Simply put, Boyles states that for a gas at constant temperature, pressure multiplied by volume is a constant value. The equation for this is PV k, where k is a constant.At a constant temperature, if you increase the pressure of a gas, its volume decreases. If you increase its volume, the pressure decreases.The volume of a gas is inversely proportional to its pressure.Boyles law is a form of the Ideal Gas Law. At normal temperatures and pressures, it works well for real gases. However, at high temperature or pressure, it is not a valid approximation. Worked Example Problem The sections on the General Properties of Gases and Ideal Gas Law Problems may also be helpful when attempting to work Boyles Law problems. Problem A sample of helium gas at 25Â °C is compressed from 200 cm3 to 0.240 cm3. Its pressure is now 3.00 cm Hg. What was the original pressure of the helium? Solution Its always a good idea to write down the values of all known variables, indicating whether the values are for initial or final states. Boyles Law problems are essentially special cases of the Ideal Gas Law: Initial: P1 ?; V1 200 cm3; n1 n; T1 T Final: P2 3.00 cm Hg; V2 0.240 cm3; n2 n; T2 T P1V1 nRT (Ideal Gas Law) P2V2 nRT so, P1V1 P2V2 P1 P2V2/V1 P1 3.00 cm Hg x 0.240 cm3/200 cm3 P1 3.60 x 10-3 cm Hg Did you notice that the units for the pressure are in cm Hg? You may wish to convert this to a more common unit, such as millimeters of mercury, atmospheres, or pascals. 3.60 x 10-3 Hg x 10mm/1 cm 3.60 x 10-2 mm Hg 3.60 x 10-3 Hg x 1 atm/76.0 cm Hg 4.74 x 10-5 atm Source Levine, Ira N. (1978). Physical Chemistry. University of Brooklyn: McGraw-Hill.

Essay on Lady Macbeth in William Shakespeares Macbeth

Lady Macbeth in William Shakespeares Macbeth Throughout Macbeth, we are introduced to several interesting characters that influence events for good or bad. Perhaps the most complete character of all could be argued to be Lady Macbeth. Lady Macbeth often takes centre stage and reveals her emotions to the audience through several soliloquies. Because she is such a complex character, the audience has to make their own conclusions about her personality and drive behind her actions. To me, she appears at first to be loving but ambitious. By the end of the play, Lady Macbeth is revealed to be cruel but loyal, aggressive, ruthless and neurotic. The fact that she kills herself shows how mentally†¦show more content†¦We first are introduced to Lady Macbeth reading the letter from her husband in Act 1 Scene 5. From this scene we learn that she is ambitious, Glamis thou art, and Cawdor, and shalt be what thou art promisedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Her ruthless side has not been revealed yet because she just says that she wants her husband t o be King, she doesnt go in to any gory details. We do not learn how she will do this until later on in the play. It becomes clear that she holds high hopes for her husband. At first it may appear to be just because she loves him, but as the scene progresses, we find out that she is actually determined that she will be Queen. Basically she is going to use Macbeth to satisfy her own desires. She also gives the impression that she feels Macbeth is too honest to be King, that he is too full of the milk of human kindness. She realises that he will probably reluctantly kill the King and so she may have to push him along. We can see this by the eagerness she shows in wishing her husband home, Hie thee hither, that I may pour my spirits in thine ear. What is most disturbing is that in the arrival of her beloved husband, she is obviously still thinking about King Duncan. When Macbeth tells her that Duncan is going to stay at their residence, she immediately tells him that Duncan will not le ave the place alive, OShow MoreRelatedThe Downfall of Lady Macbeth in William Shakespeares Macbeth1399 Words   |  6 PagesThe Downfall of Lady Macbeth in William Shakespeares Macbeth William Shakespeares Macbeth has been a theatrical favorite since Elizabethan times. Its timeless themes of ambition, fate, violence, and insanity collaborate to produce a captivating plot. The audience traces the disintegration of a tragic hero and his willful wife. Lady Macbeth, one of Shakespeares most forcefully drawn female characters, plays an important role in the play Macbeth. 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The Forbidden Game The Chase Chapter 1 Free Essays

string(26) " as it surged toward him\." It wasn’t so much the hunting. It was the killing. That was what brought Gordie Wilson out to the Santa Ana foothills on a sunny May morning like this. We will write a custom essay sample on The Forbidden Game: The Chase Chapter 1 or any similar topic only for you Order Now That was why he was cutting school even though he wasn’t sure he’d get away with forging his morals signature on another readmit. It wasn’t the wild-flower-splashed hills, the sky blue lupines, or the fragrant purple sage. It was the wet, plopping sound when lead met flesh. The kill. Gordie preferred big game, but rabbits were always available-if you knew how to dodge the rangers. He’d never been caught yet. He’d always liked killing. When he was seven, he’d gotten robins and starlings with his BB gun. When he was nine, it had been ground squirrels with a shotgun. Twelve, and his dad took him on a real hunting trip, going after white-tailed deer with an old .243 Winchester. That had been so special. But then, every kill was special. It was like his dad said: â€Å"Good hunts never end.† Every night in bed Gordie thought about the very best ones, remembering the stalking, the shooting, the electric moment of death. He even hunted in his dreams. For one instant, as he made his way along the dry creek bed, a memory flickered at him, like a little tongue of flame. A nightmare. Just once Gordie had dreamed that he was on the other side of the rifle sights, the one with dogs snapping behind him, the one being hunted. A chase that had only ended when he woke up dripping sweat. Stupid dream. He wasn’t a rabbit, he was a hunter. Top of the food chain. He’d gotten a moose last year. Big game like that was worth observing, studying, planning for. But not rabbits. Gordie just liked to come up here and kick them out of the bushes. This was a good place. A sage-covered slope rising toward a stand of oak and sycamore trees, with some good brush piles underneath for cover. Bound to be a bunny under one of those. Then he saw it. Right out in the open. Little desert cottontail sunning itself near a squat of grass. It was aware of him, but still. Frozen. Terrific, Gordie thought. He knew how to sneak up on a rabbit, get so close he could practically catch it with bare hands. The trick was to make the rabbit think you didn’t see it. If you only looked at it sideways, if you walked kind of zigzag while slowly getting closer and closer†¦ As long as its ears stayed down, instead of up and swiveling, you were safe. Gordie edged carefully around a lemonade berry bush, looking out of the corner of his eye. He was so close now that he could see the rabbit’s whiskers. Pure happiness filled him, warmth pooling in his stomach. It was going to hold still for him. God, this was the exciting part, the gooood part. Breath held, he raised the rifle, centered the crosshairs. Got ready to gently squeeze the trigger. There was an explosion of motion, a gray-brown blur and the flash of a white tail. It was getting away! Gordie’s rifle barked, but the slug struck the ground just behind the rabbit, kicking up dust. The rabbit bounded on, down into the dry creek bed, losing itself among the cattails. Damn! He wished he’d brought a dog. Like his dad’s beagle, Aggie. Dogs were crazy about the chase. Gordie loved to watch them do it, loved to draw it out, waiting for the dog to bring the rabbit around in a circle. It was a shame to end a good chase too soon. His dad sometimes let a rabbit go if it ran a good enough race, but that was crazy. What good was a hunt without the kill? There were times when Gordie†¦ wondered about himself. He sensed vaguely that his hunting was somehow different than his dad’s. He did things when he was alone that he never told anybody about. When he was five, he used to pour rubbing alcohol on earwigs. They’d writhed a long time before they died. Even now he would swerve to run over a possum or a cat in the road if he could. Killing felt so good. Any kind of killing. That was Gordie Wilson’s little secret. The bunny was gone. He’d spooked it. Or †¦ Maybe something else had. A strange feeling was growing in Gordie. It had developed so slowly he hadn’t even noticed when it started, and it was like nothing he’d ever felt before -at least awake. A †¦ rabbit-feeling. Like what a rabbit might feel when it freezes, crouched down, with the hunter’s eyes on it. Like what a squirrel might feel when it sees something big creeping slowly closer. A†¦ watched feeling. The skin on the back of his neck began to crawl. There were eyes watching him. He felt it with the part of his brain that hadn’t changed in a hundred million years. The reptile part. Gingerly, flesh still creeping, he turned. Directly behind him three old sycamores grew close enough together to cast a shade. But the darkness underneath was too dark to be just a shadow. It was more like a black vapor hanging there. Something was under those trees. Something else had been watching the rabbit. Now it was watching him. The black vapor seemed to stir. White teeth glinted out of the darkness, as bright as sunlight on water. Gordie’s eyes bulged in their sockets. What the-what was it? The vapor moved again and he saw. Only-it couldn’t be. It couldn’t be what he thought he saw, because it-just couldn’t be. Because there wasn’t anything like that in the world, so it just couldn’tIt was beyond anything he’d ever imagined. When it moved, it moved fast. Gordie got off one shot as it surged toward him. You read "The Forbidden Game: The Chase Chapter 1" in category "Essay examples" Then he turned and ran. He went the way the rabbit had, slipping and slithering down the slope, tearing his jeans and his hands on prickly pear cactus. The thing he’d seen was right behind him. He could hear it breathing. His foot caught on a stone, and he fell heavily, arms flailing. He rolled over and saw it in the full sunlight. His mouth sagged open. He tried to scoot away on his backside, but sheer terror paralyzed his muscles. Deliberately it closed in. A loose, blubbery wail came from Gordie’s lips. His last wild thought was Not me-not me-I’m not a rabbit-not meeeeee – His heart stopped before it even got its teeth in him. Jenny was brushing her hair, really brushing it, feeling it crackle and lift by itself to meet the plastic bristles in the static electricity of this golden May afternoon. She gazed absently at her own reflection, seeing a girl with forest green eyes, dark as pine needles, and eyebrows that were straight, like two decisive brush strokes. The hair that lifted to meet the brush was the color of honey in sunlight. â€Å"They didn’t do it.† Jenny stopped abruptly. A girl was reflected behind her in the mirror. The girl had dark hair and dark eyes reddened with crying. She looked poised for flight out of the bathroom. â€Å"I’m sorry?† â€Å"I said, they didn’t do it. Slug and P.C. They didn’t kill your friend Summer.† Oh. Jenny found herself gripping the brush hard, unable to even turn her head. She could only look at the girl’s eyes reflected in the mirror, but she understood now. â€Å"I never said they did,† she said softly and carefully. â€Å"I just told the police that they were around that night. And that they stole something from my living room. A paper house. A game.† â€Å"I hate you.† Shocked, Jenny turned. â€Å"You and your preppy friends-you did it. You killed her yourselves. And someday everybody will know and you’ll pay and you’ll be sorry.† The girl was twisting a Kleenex between slim olive-tan fingers, tearing it into little bits. Her long hair was absolutely straight except for the slight undersweep of the ends, and her dark eyes were pensive. She didn’t belong at Vista Grande High; Jenny had never seen her before. Jenny put the brush down and went to her, facing her directly. The girl looked taken aback. â€Å"Why were you crying?† Jenny said gently. â€Å"Why should you care? You’re a soshe. You wear your fancy clothes to school and hang out with your rich friends-â€Å" â€Å"Who’s rich? What have my clothes got to do with it?† Jenny could feel her eyebrows come together. She looked pointedly at the girl’s fashionably tattered designer jeans. The girl spoke sullenly. â€Å"You’re a soshe†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Jenny grabbed her. â€Å"I am not a soshe,† she said fiercely. â€Å"I am a human being. So are you. So what is your problem?† The girl wouldn’t say anything. She twisted under Jenny’s hands, and Jenny felt the small bones in her shoulders. Finally, almost spitting it in Jenny’s face, she said, â€Å"P.C. was my friend. He never did anything to that girl. You and your friends did something, something so bad that you had to hide her body and tell those lies. But you just wait. I can prove P.C. didn’t hurt her. I can prove it.† Despite the warm day, hairs rose on Jenny’s arms. Her little fingers tingled. â€Å"What do you mean?† Something in her face must have scared the girl. â€Å"Never mind.† â€Å"No, you tell me. How could you prove it? Did you-â€Å" â€Å"Let go of me!† I’m being rough, Jenny realized. I’m never rough. But she couldn’t seem to stop. Chills were sweeping over her, and she wanted to shake the information out of the girl. â€Å"Did you see him or something?† she demanded. â€Å"Did he come home the next morning alone? Did you see what he did with the paper hou-â€Å" Pain exploded against her shinbone. The girl had kicked her. Jenny lost her grip, and the girl wrenched away, running to the bathroom door. â€Å"Wait! You don’t understand-â€Å" The girl jerked the door open and darted out. Jenny hopped after her, but by the time she looked up and down the second-story walkway, the girl was gone. There were only a few bits of twisted Kleenex on the concrete floor. Jenny hobbled over to the nearest locker bay and looked into it. Nothing but students and lockers. Then she limped back and looked over the railing of the open walkway to the main courtyard. Nothing but students with lunches. Young. The girl had been young, probably a ninth grader. Maybe she’d come from Magnolia Junior High. It was within walking distance. Whoever she was, Jenny had to find her. Whoever she was, she’d seen something. She might know†¦ I left my purse in the bathroom, Jenny realized. She retrieved it and slowly walked back out. The pay phone beside the bathroom was ringing. Jenny glanced around-two teachers were locking up a classroom, students were streaming down the stairs on each end of the building. Nobody seemed to be waiting for a call, nobody even seemed to notice the ringing. Jenny lifted the receiver. â€Å"Hello,† she said, feeling foolish. She heard an electronic hiss, white noise. Then there was a click, and in the static she seemed to hear a low whispering in a male voice. It was distorted, drawn out, and there was something weird about the way the syllables were stressed. It sounded like one word whispered over and over. A as in amble. Then a dragging, hissing sigh: ish. A†¦ ish†¦ Gibberish. â€Å"Hello?† Shhshhshhshhshhshhshh. Click. In the background she heard something that might have been speech, a sharp, staccato burst. Again, the rhythm was weird. It sounded like some very foreign language. Bad connection, Jenny thought. She hung up. Her little fingers were tingling again. But she didn’t have time to think about it now. That girl had to be found. I’d better get the others, Jenny thought. How to cite The Forbidden Game: The Chase Chapter 1, Essay examples

Survey Questionnaire Analysis - Solution is Just a Click Away

Question: Describe about the Survey Questionnaire Analysis? Answer: 1. Advantages and disadvantages of using mail questionnaires Dillman et al. (2014) opined that using online mail questionnaires enables the researcher to collect data from a large volume of respondents and it saves the conveyance cost, printing cost and other survey costs. However, Mooi and Sarstedt (2011) argued that the use of online questionnaire suggests that the researcher is sample biased. The researcher is thus targeting only the part of population who are using internet services. However Janssen et al. (2010) contradicted by claiming that mail questionnaires generate more respondents as they can be quickly completed. The mail questionnaires have to be framed in a short structure because the long length of the questionnaire may result in crashing of the system or non-response from the respondents. Moreover, data security is also important in case of surveys. However, in mail surveys it is not possible to maintain the security of the respondents. The response collected from a mail survey is of low quality and if the respondent is literal ly not strong then the response will not be correct. 2. Methods to increase the response rates of mail questionnaires Nicki can adopt the following measures in order to increase the response rate of the mail surveys Setting target Rather than targeting the mass respondents Nicki should target the group of respondents who he personally knows. For instance, Nicki can target the university students, teachers and alumni members (Rossi et al. 2013). Personalizing the email invitations - Direct and personal invitation from Nicki to the target respondent will result in prompt response from the recipient. Short and informative introduction Nicki needs to give a short introduction that will include only the important points like personal information of Nicki, purpose of the study, time length of the survey and benefit of the survey (Wilson, 2011). Avoid graphics and keep length short- In order to generate response Nicki should keep the length short and should avoid any kind of designer computer graphics because that would distract the respondent (Frazer and Lawley, 2001). Sending of reminder emails - Continuous probing by the surveyor will force the respondent to eventually respond to the mail questionnaire. Thus, Nicki should keep on sending reminder mails about the response to the targeted respondents. 3. Evaluation of introduction part of Nickis questionnaires Drnyei and Taguchi (2010) opined that an introduction of a mail questionnaire should include the following concepts namely a thank you statement to welcome the participation of the respondents, topic of survey, expected time of completion and confidentiality statement. Keeping in mind these factors following will be an ideal introduction for Nickis survey. Dear Respondent (Mention the name) Welcome to the Business Information Technology online shopping survey I, Nicki Sorensen, a final year student of BIT is conducting a survey on online shopping services. Thank you for agreeing to take part in this survey. This project aims at gaining your thoughts and opinions in order to better serve you in future. The survey will take only 10 minutes to complete. Be assured that confidentiality and ethics will be maintained in case of all your answers. Click next to begin the survey. Thanks and regards Nicki Sorensen 4. Evaluation of personal data in questionnaires 4a. Discussion on different viewpoints In framing the personal questions in a mail questionnaire, the researchers either put the questions in the beginning or put the questions at the end. However, different researcher has different viewpoints for the same. Leece et al. (2004) feels that since the response rate of mail questionnaires are low hence the surveyor should include the personal questions at the end so that the respondents are able to solve the easier part at the beginning and deal with the personal part later. Further Heerwegh and Loosveldt (2008) commented that the initial use of the personal questions might generate a sense of rejection of resentment on the part of the respondent. However, in case of certain surveys there is a recruitment questionnaire. Barrios et al. (2010) stated that a recruitment questionnaire is the type of questionnaire that includes only personal questions about the respondents. In these types of surveys if the respondent profile matches the required profile of the research only then th e researcher progresses with the survey. Hence, in such cases the personal information question should be included in the beginning of the survey. Thus if the surveyor is conducting a survey based on focus group interview then the survey will include the personal questions at the beginning. 4b. Recommendations In case of online or mail surveys the use of focus group survey is difficult because if the respondent profile do not match the profile of the researcher than the researcher will have to terminate the research and since the respondent is not physically present hence the termination is not possible. Hence, in this case it is advisable to include personal information at the end of the questionnaire so that the reluctant part of the survey is included at the end. The mail questionnaires generate low responses and since the survey is about online shopping experience hence the researcher should give more stress on the customer satisfaction surveys rather than on the personal information. Hence, to avoid non-response on the part of the majority of the respondents the researcher should include the personal questions at the end. 5. Verification of closed questions The research question requires being mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive in nature. According to Phillips (2011) the individual answers mentioned as options in the survey questionnaire cannot be true at the same time. Hence, the answers mentioned in the survey options needs to be exclusive to each other. Moreover, the answer options mentioned should cover the overall possibilities of answers that can exist for the particular question. Otherwise, the researcher will not get the overall view of the survey. If the researcher frame questions keeping in mind the above two factors, then the questionnaire will be accurate and complete. In the sample questionnaire, certain flaws may be noticed. In question number 4, the researcher did not include all possible places for accessing of internet like cyber cafes. Hence, it is not collectively exhaustive. However, Nicki maintains mutual exclusiveness in his questions. Especially in question 1, 3, 5, 6, 9 and 10 the mutual exclusiveness has been maintained by grouping the numbers exclusively. Moreover, the direct yes no option in the question 8 shows a mutual exclusivity in the questionnaire preparation (Van Gelder et al. 2010). 6. Evaluation of phrasing of Nickis questions According to Silverman (2010) the surveyor should include neutral words and should avoid leading questions in a questionnaire. For instance in question 5, Nicki should avoid the direct tone and frame the question using How often do you engage in online activities in a week? Since this is a mail survey, hence it is advisable to avoid open-ended questions like question number 7, 11, 12 and 13. These questions should also be framed in closed ended questions for better response. Housden (2010) opined that majority of the respondents do not like to write in details. Hence, avoidance of open-ended questions will generate more responses. In the use of the likert scale it is advisable to use the options strongly agree, agree, neutral, disagree and strongly disagree. However, in the questionnaire Nicki has use the options slightly agree, slightly disagree instead of agree, and disagree. The use of slightly agree and slightly disagree will make the decision difficult for the respondents. They will be confused whether to agree or be neutral in their opinion. Hence, the likert scale needs modifications. Finally, the structuring of the options is not correct. In question five and six, Nicki should have arranged the answers in ascending order so that it becomes easy to interpret. In the current structure, the respondents will have difficulty and the confusion will make it time consuming for the respondents to give correct responses (Malhotra et al. 2007). 7. Advantages and disadvantages of face-to face interviews According to Lindhjem and Navrud (2011) following are the advantages of face-to-face interviews Accurate data The respondent being interviewed directly has less scope of providing inaccurate data. The responses are true, accurate and leading in the right direction. Hence, the researcher will be able to make an accurate analysis. High response rate - The response rates of the face-to-face interviews are higher than the online interviews. The respondent finds it difficult to avoid the surveys if they are approached directly and are forced to answer either willingly or unwillingly (Fan and Yan, 2010). Access to verbal and non-verbal response - The surveyor has the option to capture not only the verbal response but also the non-verbal and facial expression of the respondent related to the survey. The body language during the response helps the surveyor to understand the actual emotions and reactions related to the survey topic. However, there are certain disadvantages of face-to-face interviews as well. Financial constraint The surveyor will have to incur high conveyance cost, printing cost and other survey costs like employing more surveyors for the process. Thus if the surveyor is a student or small organization, face-to-face interview may be difficult. Time consuming This process is time consuming. The surveyor will have to collect the data personally then make manual entries of the data in SPSS or excels so that the analysis can be completed. Hence, the research work takes more time to get completed (Hanna, 2012). Limited sample size The sample size of the project gets limited, as the researcher will not be able to cover a large mass of respondents for the interviews. References: Barrios, M., Villarroya, A., Borrego, ., and Oll, C. (2010). Response rates and data quality in web and mail surveys administered to PhD holders.Social Science Computer Review. Dillman, D. A., Smyth, J. D., and Christian, L. M. (2014).Internet, phone, mail, and mixed-mode surveys: the tailored design method. John Wiley Sons. Drnyei, Z., and Taguchi, T. (2010).Questionnaires in second language research: Construction, administration, and processing. Routledge. Fan, W., and Yan, Z. (2010). Factors affecting response rates of the web survey: A systematic review.Computers in Human Behavior,26(2), 132-139. Frazer, L., and Lawley, M. (2001).Questionnaire design and administration. Wiley. Hanna, P. (2012). Using internet technologies (such as Skype) as a research medium: a research note.Qualitative Research,12(2), 239-242. Heerwegh, D., and Loosveldt, G. (2008). Face-to-face versus web surveying in a high-internet-coverage population differences in response quality.Public Opinion Quarterly,72(5), 836-846. Housden, M. (2010).Market information and research. Amsterdam: Elsevier. Janssen, P. M., Visser, N. A., Dorhout, M. S., Klijn, C. J., Algra, A., and Rinkel, G. J. (2010). Comparison of telephone and face-to-face assessment of the modified Rankin Scale.Cerebrovascular diseases (Basel, Switzerland),29(2), 137-139. Leece, P., Bhandari, M., Sprague, S., Swiontkowski, M. F., Schemitsch, E. H., Tornetta III, P., ... and Guyatt, G. H. (2004). Internet versus mailed questionnaires: a controlled comparison (2).Journal of medical Internet research,6(4). Lindhjem, H., and Navrud, S. (2011). Are Internet surveys an alternative to face-to-face interviews in contingent valuation?.Ecological economics,70(9), 1628-1637. Malhotra, N. K., Birks, D. F., Palmer, A., and Koenig-Lewis, N. (2007). Market research: an applied approach.Journal of marketing management,27, 1208-1213. Mooi, E., and Sarstedt, M. (2011).A concise guide to market research: The process, data, and methods using IBM SPSS statistics. Springer Science Business Media. Phillips, A. (2011). A marginalised future for market research?.International Journal of Market Research, 53(6), p.735. Rossi, P. H., Wright, J. D., and Anderson, A. B. (Eds.). (2013).Handbook of survey research. Academic Press. Silverman, D. (Ed.). (2010).Qualitative research. Sage. Van Gelder, M. M., Bretveld, R. W., and Roeleveld, N. (2010). Web-based questionnaires: the future in epidemiology?.American Journal of Epidemiology, kwq291. Wilson, A. (2011).Marketing research: an integrated approach 3rd edition(No. 3rd). FT Prentice Hall.

Management functions free essay sample

INTRODUCTION: INTRODUCTION Amul (Anand Milk Union Limited), formed in 1946, is a dairy cooperative movement in India. It is managed by Gujarat Co-operative Milk Marketing Federation Ltd. (GCMMF). AMUL is based in Anand, Gujarat and has been a sterling example of a co-operative organizations success in the long term. The Amul Pattern has established itself as a uniquely appropriate model for rural development. Amul has spurred the White Revolution of India. It is also the worlds biggest vegetarian cheese brand. History: History HISTORY OF THE COMPANY: The story of AMUL inspired ‘ Operation Flood and heralded the White Revolution in India. It began with two village cooperatives and 250 liters of milk per day, nothing but a trickle compared to the flood it has become today. Today Amul collects processes and distributes over a million liters of milk and milk products per day, during the peak, on behalf of more than a thousand village cooperatives owned by half a million farmer members. We will write a custom essay sample on Management functions or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Amul has become a symbol of the aspirations of millions of farmers; creating a pattern of liberation and self-reliance for every farmer to follow. History: History The ‘ AMUL revolution ’ started as awareness among the farmers grew and matured into a protest movement. Over four decades ago, the life of a farmer in Kaira District was very much like that of his counterpart anywhere else in India. His income was derived almost entirely from seasonal crops. The income from milch buffaloes was undependable. Private traders and middlemen controlled the marketing and distribution system for the milk. As milk is perishable, farmers were compelled to sell it for whatever they were offered. Often, they had to sell cream and ghee at throw away prices. In this situation, the one who gained was the private trader. Gradually, the realization dawned on the farmers that the exploitation by the trader could be checked only if marketed their milk themselves. History: History In order to do that they needed to form some sort of an organization. This realization is what led to the establishment of the Kaira District Cooperative Milk Producers Union Limited (popularly known as Amul) which was formally registered on December 14, 1946. Currently AMUL has 2. 28 million producer members with milk collection average of 5. 08 million liters/day. Today AMUL is a symbol of many things. (High-quality products sold at reasonable prices, genesis of a vast co-operative network and a proven model for dairy development). The Kaira Union began pasteurizing milk for the Bombay Milk Scheme in June 1948. GCMMF – OverView: GCMMF – OverView GCMMF: Gujarat Cooperative Milk Marketing Federation . GCMMF is Indias largest food products marketing organization. It is a state level apex body of milk cooperatives in Gujarat which aims to provide remunerative returns to the farmers and also serve the interest of consumers by providing quality products which are good value for money. CRISIL, Indias leading Ratings, Research, Risk and Policy Advisory company, has assigned its highest ratings of AAA/Stable/P1+ to the various bank facilities of GCMMF. GCMMF – OverView: GCMMF – OverView GCMMF is a unique organization. Its a body created by Farmers, managed by competent professionals serving a very competitive and challenging consumer market. It is a true testimony of synergistic national development through the practice of modern management methods. Reasons for Success: Reasons for Success Robust Supply Chain The vast and complex supply chain Hierarchical network of cooperatives Stretches from small suppliers to large fragmented markets Low Cost Strategy Amul adopted a low-cost price strategy to make its products affordable and attractive to consumers by guaranteeing them value for money Diverse Product Mix Amul Butter, Milk Powder, Ghee, Amulspray , Cheese, Chocolates, Shrikhand , Ice cream, Nutramul , Milk and Amulya Strong Distribution Network Amul products are available in over 500,000 retail outlets across India through its network of over 3,500 distributors. 47 depots with dry and cold warehouses to buffer inventory of the entire range of products. Technology and e-initiatives New products Process technology Complementary assets to enhance milk production E-commerce. Success!! Facts : Facts Members: 13 district cooperative milk producers Union No. of Producer Members: 2. 79 million No. of Village Societies: 13,328 Total Milk handling capacity: 11. 22 million liters per day Milk collection (Total 2008-09): 3. 05 billion liters Milk collection (Daily Average 2008-09): 8. 4 million liters Milk Drying Capacity: 626 Mts. per day Cattle feed manufacturing Capacity: 3500 Mts. per day Administration: Administration Gujarat Cooperative Milk Marketing Federation Ltd. (GCMMF), is Indias largest food product marketing organization with annual turnover (2010-11) US$ 2. 2 billion. Its daily milk procurement is approx 12 million lit (peak period) per day from 15,712 village milk cooperative societies, 17 member unions covering 24 districts, and 3 million milk producer members . Management functions: Management functions PLANNING : AMUL has been able to: Produce an appropriate blend of the policy maker’s farmer’s board of management and the professionals: each group appreciating its roles and limitations. Bring at the command of the rural milk producers the best of the technology and harness its fruit for betterment. Provide a support system to the milk producers without disturbing their agro-economic systems. Management functions: Management functions Milk is very perishable product so it has to be consumed within 24 hours. In order to avoid wastage AMUL converts the milk into SNF and milk solids by evaporating the water, which comprises up to 60-70% of milk contents. This is possible only if the distribution channel right from the producer to the consumer is well organized. Last year, they are divided the retail market into 14 specific segments to achieve further distribution efficiency. This year AMUL is focusing on inducting distributers having expertise in servicing such specific market segments. Management functions: Management functions Plough back the profits, by prudent use of men, material and machines, in the rural sector for the common good and betterment of the member producers. Even though, growing with time and on scale, it has remained with the smallest producer members. In that sense, AMUL is an example par excellence, of an intervention for rural change. Management functions: Management functions ORGANISING: AMUL is leaded by the director under him five branches viz. Factory, Marketing, Accounts, Purchase, Human Resources Department. Factory department has a separate general manager under him three are six branches viz. Production, Stores, Distribution, Cold Storage, Quality, and Deep-freezing. This department takes care of the factory work. Management functions: Management functions Marketing department has regional senior marketing manager and under him there is regional manager. This department takes care of the marketing aspects of AMUL. Account department takes care regarding accounts i. e , day-to-day work. Under the accountant there is one clerk. Purchase department takes care regarding the purchase of raw materials and many other things. Management functions: Management functions STAFFING: Staffing is a process which includes recruitment, selection, training, placement, appraisal, promotion, and career planning. In larger organizations, a separate department called Personnel Department looks after these functions and this is headed by a qualified professional manager called Personnel Manager . Organization structure: Organization structure The Organization Structure of Amul is divided into two parts: External Organization Structure. Internal Organization Structure. Organization structure: Organization structure State Level Marketing Federation District Milk Product Union Ltd. Village Milk Product Union Ltd. Villagers The Following is the External Organization Structure of Amul: Organization structure: Organization structure External Organization Structure: External organization structure is the organizational structure that effects the organization from the outside. GCMMF is unit of Gujarat Milk Marketing Federation, which is a co-operative organization. The villagers of more than 10,000 villages of Gujarat are the bases of this structure. Organization structure: Organization structure External Organization Structure: They all make milk village milk producers union, district level milk producers union and then a state level marketing federation is established. The structure is Line Relationship , which provides easy way to operation. It also provides better communication between two stages. Organization structure: Organization structure The Following is the Internal Organization Structure of Amul : Chairman Managing Director General Manager Asst. General Manager Finance Department Personnel Department Production Department Marketing Department S P Department Organization structure: Organization structure Internal Organization Structure: A systematic well-defined organizational structure plays a vital role provides accurate information to the Top- Level Management. An organization Structure defines a clear-cut line of authorities responsibilities among the employees of GCMMF. The Organization structure of AMUL is well-arranged structure. At a glance a person can completely come to know about the organization structure. Organization structure: Organization structure Internal Organization Structure: AMUL is leaded by the director under him five branch Viz. , Factory, Marketing, Accounts, Purchase, Human Resources Departments. Factory department has a separate general manager under him there are six branches viz. , production, stores, distribution, cold storage, quality, and deep freezing. This department takes care of the factory work. Organization structure: Organization structure Internal Organization Structure: Marketing Department has regional senior marketing manager and under him there is a regional manager. This department takes care of the marketing aspects of AMUL. Accounts department takes care regarding accounts i. e. day-to-day work. Under the accountant there is one clerk. Purchase department takes care regarding the purchase of raw material and many other things. Plant layout: Plant layout Plant layout is the overall arrangement of the machine tools, handling equipments, storeroom and other various accessories required for facilitating production in a factory. These arrangements are pre-planned with the results that the building has been constructed to fit a layout of a given process. AMUL plant is indigenously worked out with facilitation of various production processes and production of multi products under one plant. The total plot is nearly about 2. 27 kms . Separate buildings are provided with required arrangements of machine tools handling and computers connection through the control room to fit for varying product-manufacturing departments. Plant layout: Plant layout The plant is engaged in producing milk, ice creams, milk powder and ghee. Entire department is uniquely provided with facilities for the processing each product. There are 4 production departments and packaging departments pertaining to each product respectively. Thus, plant layout encompasses all production and service facilities and provides for the most effective utilization of the men, materials and machines constituting the process. It is the master blue print of coordinating all operations . Plant layout: Plant layout First Plant, is at Anand, which engaged in the manufacturing of milk, butter, ghee, milk power, flavored milk, and butter milk . There are Four Plants of Amul located in India : Plant layout: Plant layout Second Plant, is at MOGAR, which engaged in manufacturing chocolate, nutrAMUL , AMUL Ganthia and AMUL lite . Plant layout: Plant layout Third Plant, is at KANJARI, Which produces cattle feed. Fourth Plant, is at KHATRAJ, which engaged in producing cheese. Production operational Management : Production operational Management INTRODUCTION: â€Å"Production management is refers to the process of correction of past mistakes catching up with the new techniques, taking up steps with developing techniques and taking measures for the production of goods at competitive cost. † The basic philosophy of production management is to launch a frontal attack on direct costs and effective use the availability manpower weaving new techniques in to the whole to keep the production unit efficient and developing production management is the process of planning, organizing, directing and controlling. Production operational Management : Production operational Management The Amul is started with only 250 liters of milk per day. But now Amul collect average 9 lakhs of liters milk per day. At the initial stage, Amul has not any problem regarding milk, but in the winter season there was excess supply of milk. So, Amul has to sell out that excess milk at the low price or Amul has to face loss. To removing these problems Amul take decision to set up a plant to process the surplus milk butter and milk powder . Production operational Management : Production operational Management The Amul has three plants Known as Amul 1, 2 3 all three plant work 24hours a day continuously. The all manufacturing process is done automatically. The production is done in the special machines. These machines and the technology are import-id from the TRFTA PEAK Company. There is also facility of chilling of milk, so that the milk remains usable. Production operational Management : Production operational Management Three plant of AMUL perform different functions: AMUL–1 Presently it is use as a go down for storing raw materials. AMUL–2 In this unit, the production process of Ghee and packings are running. AMUL–3 This unit is producing AMUL butter, spray power, and flavored milk. Production operational Management : Production operational Management Milk Collection Cycle: The success of each and every dairy industry is the getting the milk from the farmers and making that milk in use as soon as possible before that milk get spoiled because the milk is the perishable product. For the smooth running the business of dairy industry the industry must concentrate on the milk collection cycle. Amul dairy is very conscious about the milk collection cycle because the base of the success of the Amul is milk collection cycle. Production operational Management : Production operational Management Production capacity of Amul: Butter 50 to 60 Tones. Powder plant 70 tones. Powder plant 60 tones. Flavour milk 40000 bottles. Production operational Management : Production operational Management Amul – 2 Raw Reception Dock: Reception dock is the very first department of any dairy where milk is unloaded and simultaneously tested . Amul-2 has a well designed RMRD , situated in the west wing of dairy . Raw milk at Amul- 2 is received mainly through cans . There are 2 reception lines for unloading milk cans in Amul – 2 . About 60 % of reception is of buffalo milk and remaining 40% is cow milk. Production operational Management : Production operational Management Butter section: The utterly Butterly Delicious butter of the Amul is one of the most popular product of Amul dairy along with the famous butter girl. The butter section is located in Amul -3which manufactures Table Butter, white butter and renduced salt butter. The section is completely computer controlled and is equipped with most modern imported equipments . Butter section very important as it handles fat, which is the costliest constituent. The cream obtained from process section is fully utilized for butter making . Amul white and table Butter is exported to USA and various Middle Eastern countries. Production operational Management : Production operational Management OPERATION: The cream for manufacturing Butter is receiving from Amul-3 process section while standardization of milk. In Amul -3 the milk fat will be separated at above 60 Celsius, the centrifugal separators inline with Milk pasteurizer separate this as cream. The cream thus separated is pasteurized and then pumped to the cream buffer tanks and to cream silo. After ageing at 8 Celsius for 24 hrs, cream is pumped to cream chilling unit in the butter section. There the temperature of cream is adjusted to the required churning temperature of continuous Butter Making Machine. Production operational Management : Production operational Management Packing materials used: Delocalize market Double laminated is used for export. Tin – used for 400g Army pack Card board box- used for tertiary packing 3ply for 9. 1 g weight package 5ply for normal export Production operational Management : Production operational Management Powder plant: F-35 plant is situated in Amul -2 near to the railway siding . The plant is a single stage drying plant having a capacity of 35 TDP. The plant is not in regular use and mainly used for the manufacturing of cheese whey powder . F-35 CONDENSING PLANT DETAILS: Make : SSP ,Faridabad. Type : Falling film vertical tube type. No of Pre heater : 5. No of calendria : 7. No of vapor separators : 5. Production operational Management : Production operational Management OPERATION DETAIL: MILK : One of the most versatile food consumed by us. All children start their with mother’s milk and continue to use it in one other throughout their life. It is the secretion from the mammary glands of a lactating mammal. The white fluid, know as milk, is made up of milk fat and other milk solids . MANUFACTURING PROCESS FOR MILK : MILK PROCUREMENT: Total milk procurement by our Member Unions during the year 2006-07 averaged 67. 25lakh kilograms (6. 7million kg) per day, representing a growth of 4. 5 per cent over Production operational Management : Production operational Management 64. 38lakh kilograms (6. 4 million kg) per day achieved during 2005-06. The highest procurement as usual was recorded during January 2007 at 84. 09 lakh kilograms (8. 4million kg) per day. This increase in milk procurement is very impressive, keeping in mind the massive loss suffered by our farmers due to floods during the monsoon season, specially in Surat district. Production operational Management : Production operational Management MILK PROCESSING: Homogenization: Milk must then be homogenized. Without homogenization, the milk fat would separate from the milk and rise to the top. Milk fat is what gives milk its rich and creamy taste. In this process Milk is transferred to a piece of equipment called a homogenizer. In this machine the milk fat is forced, under high pressure through tiny holes. Production operational Management : Production operational Management Pasteurization: Pasteurization is the process that purifies milk and helps it stay fresher, longer. Milk is pasteurized by heating it to 72 °C for 16 seconds then quickly cooling it to 4 °C. Pasteurization is named after Louis Pasteur, the famous scientist. Production operational Management : Production operational Management Adding Vitamins: Before homogenization, vitamin D is added to all milk. Vitamin D combined with the calcium that naturally exists in milk help gives us strong bones and teeth. Dairies also add Vitamin A to skim, 1% and 2% milk. Vitamin A is good for our eyesight. Production operational Management : Production operational Management Packaging Milk: Milk is now ready to be packaged. Milk is pumped through automatic filling machines direct into bags, cartons and jugs. The machines are carefully sanitized and packages are filled and sealed without human hands. During the entire time that milk is at the dairy, it is kept at 1 ° 2 °C. This prevents the development of extra bacteria and keeps the milk it’s freshest. Production operational Management : Production operational Management Storing: Milk is delivered to grocery stores, convenience stores and restaurants in refrigerated trucks that keep milk cooled to 1 ° 4 °C. The stores take their milk and immediately place it in their refrigerated storage area. Because fresh milk is so important to our diets, dairies, and our health. Quality movement: Quality movement Quality Policy : The motivated and devoted work-force of AMUL- are committed to produce wholesome and safe foods of excellent quality to remain market leader through deployment of quality management systems, state-of-art-technology, innovation and eco-friendly operations to achieve delightment of customers and betterment of milk producers. Quality movement. : Quality movement. Quality of Life: Assured market for their milk and daily income round the year from milk has improved the quality of life of farmers. The role village dairy co-operative societies in the over all development of the villages have brought better social infrastructures in the villages such as roads, communication system, schools, health centers, water facilities, banks etc. Marketing : Marketing Concept: The marketing concept holds the key to achieving its organizational goals consists of the company being more effective than competitors in creating, delivering and communicating customer value to its chosen target markets. Marketing starts with the determination of consumer wants and ends with the satisfaction of those wants. The concept says that any business should be organization around the marketing function, aningticipating and stimulating and meeting customers need. The marketing concept rests on four pillars and they are: 1. Target market. 2. Customer needs. 3. Integrated marketing. 4. Profitability. Marketing : Marketing AMUL has also its own marketing concept. AMUL targets all type of customers like babies, children, young customers and old age customers etc. Amul try best for satisfying needs by providing good quality products. Marketing : Marketing Marketing Mix: The marketing mix, which is set of four elements or four â€Å"P† of marketing are as follow: Product Price Place Promotion Same as four â€Å"P† there is also four â€Å"C† of marketing. Customer solution Cost Convenience Communication Marketing : Marketing PRODUCT: A product is anything that satisfies needs or wants and can be offered to the market for exchange. A product can be a goods, services without product there is no marketing . This includes product variety, product design, packaging, quality, brand name, size etc. AMUL produces and sell i. e. Milk, It has to plan its product very carefully so that the consumer gets only good quality products. There are various products marketed by GCMMF. Marketing : Marketing List of products marketed: Bread spread Amul butter. Amul Lite Low bread spread. Amul cooking butter. Cheese range Amul Malai panner (cottage cheese). Amul pasteurized processed cheese. Amul pizza cheese. Amul Emmiatial cheese. Marketing : Marketing UHI Milk Range Amul shakti 3% fat milk. Amul Taaza 1. 5% fat milk. Amul Gold 4. 5% fat milk. Amul fresh Toned milk. Amul snowcap soft milk. Pure ghee Amul pure ghee. Amul cow ghee. Sagar pure ghee. Marketing : Marketing Infant milk Range Amul infant milk formula (0. 6 millions). Amul infant milk formular . Amul spray infant milk food. Milk powder. Amul full cream milk powder . Curd products Yogi sweetened flavored dahi . Amul Lassee . Amul masti Dahi . Marketing : Marketing Price : The prices of products of Amul are also decided by the GCMMF. The GCMMF conducts the market survey to check the validity and feasibility of prices in the market and accordingly decides the prices of Amul products. The price of the products of Amul are also decided by the GCMMF . The GCMMF conducts the market survey to check the validity and feasibility of prices in the market and accordingly decides the price of Amul products . However, the price is inclusive of several elements like: Cost of milk. Labour cost. Processing cost. Packaging cost. Advertising cost. Transportation cost. Sales promotion cost. Taxes etc. The GCMMF considers all this cost. Aspects and set them up in pricing structure to decide the selling price of milk and milk products. Marketing : Marketing Promotion: IT includes a variety of techniques including advertisement, sale promotion, public relations and personal selling that are used to communicate with customers and potential customers. Television is the best media for advertising in the local areas . Hoardings designed on the creative basis attract the customers more. Marketing : Marketing Place: Place refers to marketing activities that make products available to consumers at the right time in a convenient location. Place refers as distribution Channels . IT is the process of moving products from the producer the consumer. Amul has developed federation and Amul parlours located in several parts of country. Amul have managed to create more than 2300. Amul have identified certain potential locations such as Railway, Airports, universities, and shopping malls. The GCMMF handles the workers relating to Managing of stocks and distributors to in the country. Thus GCMMF looks offer the disbursement of products to the various Marketing channels. Marketing : Marketing Market segmentation: Any commodity has not a single Market. But it has a composite Market which can be divided on the basis of age, gender, preferences etc. The process of dividing a market into distinct groups of buyers is called market segmentation. Market segmentation may be defined as a process of dividing a Market into different sub- markets on the basis of some definite criteria . At Amul, since marketing activities are handle by the GCMMF, market segmentation is also decided by GCMMF. Generally, Milk products like Butter, cheese are also popular in the all age group. Hence they are segments at the national level. Milk products like chocolates and milk powder are segmented on the basis of age. The GCMMF conduct the market survey to know demand for the products of Amul in the Market and then accordingly determines the market segments, defines the target market. Customer Based Market Segmentation: Customer Based Market Segmentation Kids Women Calorie Conscious Health Conscious Youth Amul Kool Chocolate Milk Nutramul Energy Drink Amul Kool Millk Shaake Amul Calci + Utterly Delicious Pizza Amul Emmental Cheese Amul Cheese Spreadsv Amul Lite Sagar Skimmed Milk Powder Amul Lite Slim and Trim Milk Nutramul Amul Shakti Health Food Drink Industry Based Market Segmentation: Industry Based Market Segmentation Milk Butter/Cheese/Ghee Ice-cream Manufacturers Restaurant/Food Chains Temples Bakery Confectionaries Pizza Retailers Snacks Retailers Coffee Shop Chains Marketing: Marketing PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE STAGES: A product passes through distinct stages during its life in market, each posing different challenges, opportunities and problems . Profits rise and fall at different stages of the product life cycle. There are four different stages of product life cycle, namely: 1. INTRODUCTION STAGE. 2. GROWTH STAGE. 3. MATURITY STAGE. 4. DECLINE STAGE. Marketing: Marketing Different products of AMUL are in different stages in the product life cycle. Products like milk, butter, chocolate and cheese are in the maturity stage, while ice-creams, chocolates and shrikhand are still in the growth stage. On the other hand, products like milk powders, infant food, frozen food items and mix are in introduction stage. The company adopts aggressive selling techniques for those products which are in the introductory stage, while very less promotional programmes are carried out for those products which are in the growth or maturity stage. Marketing : Marketing MARKETING GCMMF: GCMMF is India’s largest exporter of dairy products. It has been awarded as a â€Å"Trading House† status. GCMMF has received the APEDA award from the government of India for Excellence in dairy products Exports for the last 11 years. GCMMF is India’s largest food products Marketing Organization. It is a state level apex body of milk co-operatives in the Gujarat which aims to provide remunerative returns to farmers and also serve the interest of consumers by providing quality products which are good value for money. Marketing : Marketing Marketing Research: â€Å"Marketing Research is the systematic design collection, analysis and reporting of data and findings relevant to a specific marketing situation of the company. † Amul performs the marketing research mainly to launch a new products in the market. The purpose is of checking the validity of the new products in the market for the local new. Amul conducts the market survey by appointing business administration students for conducting the market survey. Extending policy of the new product launched, Amul has recently launched the energy drink named â€Å"STAMINA† specially targeted to the people who are playing sports daily. Human resource Management: Human resource Management Introduction : According to SCOOT CLOTHIER AND SPRIGGEL Human resource management as the branch of management which is responsible on a staff basis for concentrating on those aspects of relationship of management to employees and employees to employees and with the development of the individual and the group. The objective is to attain maximum individual between employer and employees and effective moulding of human resources as contrasted with physical resources. Human resource Management: Human resource Management Personal (Human resource) management plays a very important role for any organization. The firm having all types of resources like machines, materials, money, information etc. will not be success in business without effective manpower. Human capital is the greatest assets of business enterprise and manpower management is the most important and crucial job because the managing group is the heart of the company. Human resource department plays most important role in establishing good relation and harmony among all. Human resource Management: Human resource Management MAJOR FUNCTION OF HUMAN RESOURCE DEPATMENT: 1. RECRUITMENT AND SELECTION. 2. TRAINING AND DEVLOPMEN. 3. PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL. 4. SALARY AND WAGE ADMINISTION. 5. EMPLOYEE TURNOVER. 6. COMPENSATION. 7. INDUSTRIAL RELATION. 8. FACTORE ACT. 9. INDUSTRIAL DISPUTE ACT. 10. HUMAN RESOURCE INFORMATION SYSTEM (HRIS). Human resource Management: Human resource Management RECRUITMENT AND SELECTIONRECRUITMENT: There are two types of Recruitment sources followed by Amul: EXTERNAL SOURCES. INTERNAL SOURCES. INTERNAL SOURCES: Internal sources include personnel already on the payroll of the organization. Present Permanent Employees. Employee Referrals Former Employee EXTERNAL SOURCES: These sources lie outside the organization. In AMUL they consider following sources of recruitment. Campus Interview Unsolicited Application. Application Blank. Placement Agencies. Human resource Management: Human resource Management RECRUTMENT POLICY OF AMUL: Entry level qualification: Below officers cadres: S. S. C / H. S. C Attendant Operator – Dairy (AOD) – G Gr. Worker. Taken as apprentice under trade apprentice Act 1961 2/3 yrs Apprenticeship, then based on their appraisal report, selected as temporary worker. After total 5yrs of work, may be selected as G-Grade Worker. Human resource Management: Human resource Management Professional Qualification E/F Grade Worker (Boiler Attendant). BA / B. COM / M. COM / M. A (general) MSW / MRM /MRS M. E_Biz of Gujarat vidyapeeth and C Grade Worker similar Non – University Institutions. B. Sc / M. Sc / Diploma Engineers B Grade workers. Apprenticeship Lab assistant for 1yr 3 months for B. SC M. SC; 1yr for Diploma Engg. Then 2/3 yrs as trainee technician, than based on appraisal Appointed as Technician B Grade. Human resource Management: Human resource Management BBA Management Trainee for 1yrs Jr. Assistant. (a) M. SC ( Agriculture ) /MRS /MRM /MSW /MLW/MBA/ B. Tech (DT ) / MCA / M. E –Biz. ( From recognized University ) 1 yr as a trainee then appointed as senior officer. b) Inter CA /Inter ICWA / BE 1 yr as training period, then appointed as Dy. Sup. Deputy Superintendent (c) CA/ICWA Superintendent NO training period, direct appointment. However,

Will I do better on the SAT or the ACT

Will I do better on the SAT or the ACT SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Many students wonder whether they'll do better on the ACT or SAT after all it's important to put the best foot forward. Here we show you how to figure out which one you're better on. See the following questions and answers to figure out what will probably work better for you. 1. How do I know if I should take the ACT vs SAT? This depends entirely on the colleges where you want to apply and your specific abilities. Almost all 4-year schools require either (and accept both) the SAT or ACT, so it’s important to know which test can reflect your abilities most fully. Some colleges require no standardized test scores, but it’s best to apply to at least 3 schools (and, for many students, even more than that). Therefore, it’s unlikely that all the schools you want to apply to will be â€Å"test optional,† so deciding which test to take is pretty important. 2. Which students think the SAT is easier than the ACT? The SAT is better if you’re a â€Å"good test taker†if you’re good at figuring out what information tests are looking for, if big tests don’t make you very nervous, or if you don’t get overwhelmed easily by unfamiliar information. The SAT is better if you’re near a top score, because it’s easier to â€Å"ace†to get a 99th percentile or perfect score onthan the ACT. There are many reasons for this, but if you think you’re going to be scoring high, your chances of scoring in the highest percentiles are better on the SAT. The SAT is better if you’re good at solving puzzles or â€Å"thinking on the fly†taking unfamiliar information and manipulating it quickly or combining it with knowledge you already have. 3. Which students think the ACT is easier than the SAT? The ACT is better if you’re better in classes than on tests, if you are good at learning all the material in the textbook, or if you prefer lots of structure in your education. The ACT is better if you study school subjects more: aside from the ACT resembling a high school test more than the SAT does, it also tests a broader range of knowledge than the SAT doestaking AP Chemistry, for example, won’t help you on the SAT. But it could help significantly on the ACT. The ACT is better if you’re scoring in the lower percentiles because the average ACT question is a bit easier than the average SAT question, so that middle range is more attainable on the ACT. This does not mean, however, that the SAT is a harder testwe’ll discuss that next. 4. Is the ACT or SAT harder or easier overall? The short answer is that neither is harder; they’re hard in different ways. The most basic way the difficulties of the 2 tests differ is that, while the average ACT question is easier than the average SAT question, the hardest ACT question is harder than the hardest one on the SAT. 5. How can I find out for sure which is better for me? The best way is to actually try it out! Here are the exact steps: 1. Take a full practice SAT and a practice ACT. 2. Then use the offical ACT to SAT score conversion tableto convert your ACT score to its SAT equivalent (the table uses a 1600 scale that includes reading and math only). 3. If your score difference is more than 100 points in either direction, then you have a clear winner. For example, say you got a 30 on the ACT and a 1200 (out of 1600) on the SAT. You use the table and see a 30 on the ACT converts to a 1340. This is 140 points higher than your SAT. Clearly you should take the ACT, no questions asked! 4. If your score difference is less than 100 pointsthen you don't have a natural disadvantage in either one. The point difference is likely due to random chance, and both work equally well. What’s next? Comparethe current SAT to the version coming in 2016. Read about the technical differences between the SAT and ACT.

Risk Isolation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Risk Isolation - Assignment Example According to the five-factor model for personality traits, an individual may either be an extrovert or introvert. Psychologists have identified introversion as a significant cause of social isolation. The affected person may find social interaction as daunting; hence prefer spending time alone. Such a characteristic poses a risk towards the ability to interact with people; hence isolating oneself from members of the society. On the other hand, an individual’s personality may be ‘ruined’ due to inferiority complex. Such an individual may find it necessary to withdraw oneself from the public. Inferiority complex entails shame and feelings of low self-worth. The cause-and-effect relationship resulting from social isolation is that it may lead to depression and mental illnesses in the long-run. Hawthorne, (2008) attributes social isolation to feeling of superiority. Individuals who consider themselves superior and more important than others end up losing their friends. Such individuals are self-centered and have little concern for others. At first, such people get along with other people, but eventually the friendship is lost due to their perception of being superior. Such individuals end up being alone and start wondering what the problem might be. At this stage, they are already victims of social isolation. Isolation in itself is not therapy. Hawthorne, (2008) explains that victims of social isolation require therapy because prolonged cases of social isolation result in emotional isolation. It is better to seek help from experts rather than trying to tackle life stressors that may result in psychological and mental strain. Hawthorne, G., PhD. (2008). Perceived social isolation in a community sample: Its prevalence and correlates with aspects of peoples lives.  Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology,  43(2), 140-50.

Assignment 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Assignment 3 - Essay Example Their initial dabble at organizing their favorite websites into categories had transformed into a million-hits-directory website which offered a search feature to visitors, allowing them to search for web content by browsing categories. Considering that there had been no search engine before Yahoo!, it is safe to say that before the entry of the first mover, the industry had no other player in the category. The industry of the internet was a slow cycle industry since the product still exists in today’s world. However, the technology running and defining this network had a very fast cycle. Technology became obsolete very soon and firms were forced to keep innovating and improving their product offering in order to stay afloat. Many of the innovations brought about in this relatively new field were from garages and university dorms as was in the case of Yahoo!. When Yahoo! was initially launched, it was a little more than an organized directory of a handful of websites which the friends, families and peers of the two PHD students at Stanford University used to navigate the web. However, only a year later in 1995, the immense growing popularity of the website prompted the founders to actively pursue the concept as a business and set up their own company with the help of start up funds from venture capitalists.

Microprocessor Based Control of Traffic Lights

Microprocessor Based Control of Traffic Lights Abstract: Due to suitable control measures strategies which can be countered traffic congestion in urban road freeway networks leads to degrades the network infrastructure accordingly reduced throughput. Due to traffic congestion defining the main reasons for infrastructure deterioration is defined, overview of implemented proposed control strategies is provided for these areas: urban road networks, freeway networks, route guidance. The impact of various control actions strategies are illustrated briefly Selected application results, obtained from either simulation studies or field implementations. Microprocessor based control of traffic light are programmed for automatically run and change their alternatively light automatically. The microprocessor connected to different electronics devices i.e. traffic light controller, a video camera, an electronic display board, compression circuit an I/O interface, a traffic flow detector connected to the central traffic control computer through t he DSL. DSL stands for Digital Subscriber Loop. A traffic light control information transmission device both are compromised by a microprocessor on the cross road. DLS is used for send the information about the public or news of the central traffic control computer. The control signals, traffic, public information or can go through the DLS to the microprocessor. The microprocessor can control the traffic light display all the information on the electronic display board. An electronic display board is used for displaying the information that was send by DSP. The traffic flow data of the cross roads can be accessed by the traffic flow detector the video camera transmitted back to the central traffic control computer. Introduction Old system works on trigger mechanism. But today many traffic light systems operate on the timing mechanism. Timing mechanism changes the light after a fixed intervals of time. In an intersection of roads the invention that is mainly used to control traffic lights relates to an intelligent traffic light control system. Traffic signal systems will need to address many issues in the next millennium, spanning a broad range of technical, social, political boundaries. The presence or absence of vehicles within certain range is sensed by the system developed by setting the appropriate duration for the traffic signals to react accordingly. An intelligent traffic light system senses the presence or absence of vehicles reacts accordingly due to that conditions. A manual input device, an enforced switching device an intelligent detecting device the invention relates to an intelligent traffic light control system comprising a microprocessor, these three devices are responsible wherein the mi croprocessor is used for controlling traffic lights. The idea behind intelligent traffic systems is that drivers will not spend unnecessary time waiting for the traffic lights to change. The system to achieve a periodic switching the status of on/off of a traffic light is controlled through a microprocessor. An intelligent traffic system detects traffic in many different way. Trigger mechanism is responsible for older system that means older system are works on this mechanism. for inputting control parameters of traffic light to the microprocessor the manual input device is used, for carrying a preferentially direct operation the enforced switching device is use. The enforced switching device are also used for the direct control of traffic light. Current traffic systems react to motion to trigger the light changes. Once the infrared object detector picks up the presence of a car, a switch causes the lights to change. We need to understate the function of traffic signals so that we can improve driving habits by controlling the speed in order to reduce the number of associated traffic accidents. To reduce the waiting time of each lane of the cars also to maximize the total number of cars that can cross an intersection the Intelligent Traffic Signal Simulator is designed and developed. The control parameters cannot be automatically adjusted by the system according to traffic flows in each direction this is the shortcoming of prior technique. The more number of drivers who know about the operation of traffic signals, the less frustrated they are going to be while waiting for the lights to change. They have less frustration while waiting for traffic lights It means that the traffic control in an intersection of roads will be not in a best state at all times. The Traffic Signal System Consists Of Three Important Parts. The first part is the controller or we can say that the brain of the traffic system. The selection timing of traffic movements in accordance to the varying demands of traffic signal that controls by a computer controls as registered to the controller unit by sensors. The second part is the signal visualization or in another words it is signal face. Controlling traffic in a single direction consist of one or more signal sections are provided by Signal faces which are part of a signal head. These usually comprise of solid red, yellow, green lights. The third part is the detector or sensor. Presence of vehicles is indicated by the sensor or detector. One of the technologies, which are used today, in the pavement at intersections wire loops are placed. Electrical inductance caused by a vehicle passing over or standing over the wire loop is change therefore they are activated Their Demand With the increase in urbanization to operate our roadway systems with maximum efficiency traffic congestion comes a greater demand. New technology, such as traffic-responsive closed loop systems or adaptive traffic signal systems using advanced surveillance traffic management centers, will become increasingly critical for city, county, state, organizations to meet transportation needs. Emergence Of Microprocessor-Based Traffic Signal Control In early 1960s computers were introduced to traffic signal systems. The first computerized traffic signal control system was installed in Canada in 1963. Hardware software standardization efforts were first initiated In 1970s, when microprocessors are common , the developments progressed at a relatively modest pace. The philosophy that controllers would provide a basic set of features standard connectors the National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) TS1 standard was based . The concept of the new platform was that traffic signal controllers should not be based on static technology (like the Model170 specification) but on widely used commercial standards, allowing new technology to be adopted rapidly Technical Challenges Traffic signal research has been conducted in two distinct areas: roadside equipment analytical-type operations research. The research on roadside equipment has performed by the Government agencies vendors virtually. Similarly, the research in analytical-type operations are performed virtually. The roadside equipment analytical models although significant advancements have been made, neither area has been particularly closely coordinated with the other. Many of the following research issues fall outside the typical DOT, commercial, university organizational structure, but they show considerable promise for improving the operation of traffic signal systems. System Integration Research Due to past research, government agencies vendors in considered isolation have perfected systems that do an excellent job of meeting todays needs, but do not provide the building blocks for cost-effectively implementing integrated systems manufactured by a variety of vendors. It means that the system manufactured by the vendors do not get the basic building block from the government. Similarly, because many of the assumptions made by the universities developing the models do not reflect the technical limitations or traffic engineering conventions imposed by modern controllers many of the promising control algorithms proposed over the years have never been implemented. Advanced Transportation Controller Adaptive controller adjust time or re-time every 30 sec. A computer is used to control an operation by monitoring readings from sensors sending control signals when necessary. The concept of an ATC was initiated in 1989. Caltrans prepared a report documenting some of the deficiencies of the Model 170 controller recommended a 3U VME-based platform using OS-9 (12). The concept of the new platform was that traffic signal controllers should not be based on static technology (like the Model170 specification) but on widely used commercial standards, allowing new technology to be adopted rapidly. The initial specification developed by Caltrans was called the Model 2070. Ideally, new technology would be incorporated into the Model 2070 traffic signal controller at a rate similar to that observed in the desktop computing market. As interest in the standard development effort broadened, more public agencies began participating, an ATC standard emerged that is even less dependent on the proc essor operating system than the Model 2070. Process control means automatic control of an industrial process†¦ Characteristics of process control sensors are main part of the traffic light based on the microprocessor .It is a real-time operation input from sensors is processed It is an example of the use of feedback if it is out of balance the sensor input is used to adjust the process control signals are sent back almost immediately. the timing of each part of the process and the computer usually controls the supply of materials Some more sophisticated systems allow for learning to take place. The computer remembers how the best results were obtained attempts to reproduce those results Sensors Sensors are the main part of any traffic signal system, yet are viewed by many as the weakest link in developing better traffic control systems. Sensing needs include so many detection train detection, nonferrous bicycle detection, emergency vehicle detection, transit vehicle detection, pedestrian detection, vehicle detection and queue estimation. Reliability must increase costs decrease to facilitate widespread use not only must new sensing technology be developed. Furthermore, standards need to emerge for integrating these sensors into traffic signal systems. The standard practice for bringing any sensor information into a traffic signal controller is via discrete logic (contact open/contact closed), which is limiting needs to improve. Summary Of The Invention In order to overcome above shortcomings of the prior technique, the invention provides an intelligent traffic light control system. The control system can automatically adjust the traffic light control parameters according to the changes of traffic flow in different directions, thereby increasing the traffic efficiency of intersection of roads achieving a best control for traffic. The technical solution of the invention is that: an intelligent traffic light control system comprises a microprocessor, a manual input device, an enforced switching device an intelligent detecting device, wherein the microprocessor is used for controlling traffic lights, the manual input device is used for inputting control parameters of traffic light to the microprocessor, the enforced switching device is used for carrying out a preferentially direct operation, the intelligent detecting device includes one or more panoramic cameras an intelligent controller, wherein the one or more panoramic cameras are used for capturing real-time traffic flow images of each direction, the intelligent is used for receiving the real-time traffic flow images of each direction through a video capture board, identifying vehicles on each lane of each road, identifying status of driving stopping of each vehicle, counting the length of queue of vehicles in each lane from the status of driving stoppin g of each vehicle sending an instruction for modifying traffic light control parameters to the microprocessor according to a preset program. The microprocessor modifies the traffic light control parameters after receiving the instruction. Provided with an intelligent detecting device, this system can estimate the jamming condition of each road according to the length of queue of driving or stopping vehicles on each road, make a best control mode using a preset program by adjusting switching order switching time of traffic lights to adapt to the actual traffic condition, thereby increasing traffic efficiency of an intersection of roads, reducing traffic jam of each road in each direction. That is beneficial to the normal traffic on roads, in particular to morning peak evening peak of traffic, as the main flow directions of the mass vehicles in morning peak evening peak are different. Provided with one or more panoramic cameras, the intelligent detecting device can effectively ca pture images of traffic jam condition in each direction, thereby simplifying the device ensuring the control effect at the same time. It is therefore a primary object of the invention to provide a traffic light control information transmission device that applies the existing broadb network to transmit data between the central traffic control computer the microprocessors of the cross roads to avoid the installation of the cables save the construction cost. In order to achieve the objective set forth, a traffic light control information transmission device in accordance with the present invention comprises a microprocessor on the cross road, the microprocessor further connects to a traffic light controller, an electronic display board, a video camera, a compression circuitry, an I/O interface, a traffic flow detector connected to the central traffic control computer through the DSL (Digital Subscriber Loop). The control signals, traffic, public information or news of the central traffic control computer can go through the DSL to the microprocessor; the microprocessor can control the traffic light display all the information on the electronic display board. The traffic flow data of the cross roads can be accessed by the traffic flow detector the video camera transmitted back to the central traffic control computer. Application Of Traffic Models Many modeling procedures techniques have been tried over the years have achieved varying levels of acceptance use. These models can be classified as macroscopic or microscopic. Macroscopic models are based on average flow rates average signal timings. They are particularly useful for signal system timing design software because they provide efficient procedures for formulating objective functions used in optimization logic. In the past decade, many of the macroscopic models have incorporated more detail to account for actuated signals coordination between them. However, these macroscopic models only provide analytical estimates of average system performance do not provide insight into the actual signal system operation, particularly during non steady-state conditions such as emergency preemption or timing plan transitions. Microscopic models are based on car-following theory cycle-by-cycle signal times. These models have significant potential to evaluate visualize alternative control concepts for traffic signal systems because they consider the car-following dynamics of traffic streams they can model many of the characteristics of advanced systems such as coordinated actuated controllers. These microscopic simulation procedures can be used to analyze tune coordinated-actuated systems directly, because they consider a majority of the parameters used in modern, coordinated-actuate signal systems. However, microscopic models. Traffic Control Concepts Traffic control concepts for isolated intersections basically fall into two basic categories: 1. Pre-Timed Signal Control Under these conditions, the signal assigns right-of-way at an intersection according to a predetermined schedule. The sequence of right-of-way (phases), the length of the time interval for each signal indication in the cycle is fixed, based on historic traffic patterns. No recognition is given to the current traffic demand on the intersection approaches unless detectors are used. The major elements of pre-timed control are fixed cycle length, fixed phase length, number sequence of phases 2. Traffic-Actuated Signal Control Traffic-actuated control of isolated intersections attempts to adjust green time continuously, , in some cases, the sequence of phasing. These adjustments occur in accordance with real-time measures of traffic demand obtained from vehicle detectors placed on one or more of the approaches to the intersection. The full range of actuated control capabilities depends on the type of equipment employed the operational requirements. Conclusion An intelligent traffic light system had successfully been designed developed. Increasing the number of sensors to detect the presence of vehicles can further enhance the design of the traffic light system. Another room of improvement is to have the infrared sensors replaced with an imaging system/camera system so that it has a wide range of detection capabilities, which can be enhanced ventured into a perfect traffic system.